On July 4, 2014, China Building Waterproofing Association and Beijing Zero Market Research and Analysis Company jointly released the “2013 National Building Leakage Survey Project Report”. The report shows that the leakage rate of building roofs in major cities in China is as high as 95.33%. At the same time, 57.51% of underground buildings have different degrees of leakage, and 37.48% of households are plagued by house leakage. On December 1, 2014, Guangming Daily published "390 Standards" for "Building Leakage". The article mentioned: "At present, China's waterproof standards are the most in the world, with 300 material standards and 90 construction specifications, but The building is leaking year after year, and it is repaired every year..."

 

Second, the basement leakage characteristics:

1. Wet or moisture, affecting waterproof construction;

2. The span is large and is affected by various external factors, resulting in cracks;

3. After the leakage occurs, the maintenance is difficult and the maintenance cost is extremely high;

4. The basement is flooded for a long time.

 

Third, the basement leakage reasons:

Through many years of underground leakage comprehensive treatment case analysis results: water is leaking from the concrete defect of the basement structure. The internal and external causes of leakage are as follows:

a), the rigid self-waterproof partial failure of the basement structure:

Reasons for rigid and self-waterproof partial failure of structural concrete:

1. It is difficult to strictly control the concrete raw materials and cause the lack of concrete performance.

1) Naturally mined sand or artificially crushed sandstone is difficult to meet the ideal grading requirements and does not reach the ideal impermeability curve.

2) The gradation of sand, stone, cement and water is difficult to be uniform and accurate. The ratio of lime to sand is large, the amount of sand is small, the amount of cement is large, and the concrete shrinks greatly and cracks occur. On the contrary, there are many sands and less cement. The cement can not be wrapped all over the sand, mixed and dried, lacking adhesion, and the concrete compactness is not enough.

3), sand, stone mud content is often too large, exceeding the required 2%.

4), improper understanding of the admixture, adding a proper amount of water reducing agent is very effective, but often keen on the expansion agent. The expansion agent is effective in the first place, and the cracks increase in the later stage.

2. Partial construction of structural concrete is caused by quality defects.

1) The passage due to the inconsistency of the concrete structure, including the concrete vibrating in the pouring or the suspension of the construction process, and the construction of the old concrete is not carried out according to the construction joint, and the strip concrete is partially loosened;

2) The local concrete formed by the template leakage is not tightly formed and the gap is not dense;

3), through the basement self-waterproof raft support iron or embedded parts are not strictly implemented to prevent water leakage measures (no welding water ring, etc.) caused by cracks between the embedded parts and concrete;

4) The construction joint of the underground outdoor enclosure structure is improperly treated, and a water passage is formed at the construction joint;

5) When the structural concrete is a large volume, due to improper measures, the concrete caused by the hydration heat of the cement is too sharp and the temperature rises and falls to cause cracks in the concrete.

3. Local defects in the structure due to uneven settlement of the foundation.

If the cracking or uneven settlement of the bottom plate caused by uneven settlement causes cracking due to the force change of the wall, these cracks form a water passage.

4. The structural deformation caused by the buoyancy of groundwater increases and cracks.

In some girder-type basement structures, the concrete bearing capacity of the floor is less than the groundwater seepage and the groundwater buoyancy is increased. Sometimes the design stiffness is insufficient to cause the bottom plate to deform upward. When these arching deformations reach a certain value, the plate will produce tiny Radial cracks form a small hydrophobic channel.

5. Drainage measures in the basement construction process are improper.

The groundwater dewatering depth is insufficient, and the initial groundwater formed by structural concrete is prematurely immersed in structural concrete to cause local structural self-waterproof failure.

6, the concrete's own performance shortcomings lead to the loss of waterproof function.

1) The steel in the concrete hinders the movement of the stone and affects the compaction.

2) Concrete exposed to nature is affected by exposure, freezing, snow and rain, and the drying shrinkage changes drastically, causing concrete cracks.

3) Concrete is not a permanent solidified material, it will creep and carbonize, greatly reducing durability.

4), the concrete itself is a porous material, it is impossible to impervious to water, the water infiltrated into the pores, the carbon dioxide in the atmosphere reacts with the calcium hydroxide in the concrete to form an electrolyte solution such as calcium carbonate, in the initial stage of construction or in the following time, When the current is touched, the steel bars are rusted and rusted, and the concrete is cracked and peeled off.

b) The damage of the overall flexible waterproof layer composed of waterproof material:

    After the localized damage of the flexible waterproof layer, the groundwater will pass through the flexible waterproof layer and enter the outer wall of the structural layer. Under the action of groundwater pressure, the water will open between the flexible waterproof layer and the outer surface of the structural concrete, when the structural concrete is encountered. The self-waterproof failure part will penetrate the concrete and enter the basement to cause leakage.

 

Reasons for local damage to the flexible waterproof layer:

1. Improper use of waterproofing material. The material index selected for the waterproof layer can not meet the requirements, the construction thickness is insufficient, the process is improper, and the composite use of two or more kinds of waterproof materials improperly affects the respective waterproof effects.

2. The weak link of the flexible waterproof layer is split under the action of groundwater to form a water-permeable layer that destroys the water of the integral flexible waterproof layer. The corners of the basement of the basement are sharp corners, which are easily cut during structural settlement.

3, the width of the coil is mostly 1m, and it is integrated by hot melt or welding. If there is a problem in the bonding construction of the coil, the waterproof performance will be affected. Even if the construction is fine, the life of the adhesive itself is not long, and the durability cannot be satisfied. Sexual requirements. Therefore, a single bond is not enough, should follow the foreign multi-channel joint technology of both bonding and seaming.

4. The flexible waterproof layer is perforated and destroyed according to the concrete defect. This is because the cracking of the uneven structure has a large cracking, which causes the damage of the flexible waterproof layer. Secondly, when the concrete of the floor is constructed, there is a large outer cavity. At this time, people cannot repair the concrete. The loss of the backing of the waterproof layer is generated, and under the action of water pressure, the partial waterproof layer is broken down.

5, the external surface protection of the external surface of the flexible waterproof protective layer damage or deformation to the partial damage of the waterproof layer. The general flexible waterproof layer of the basement wall is constructed by structural concrete and then externally applied. The advantage is that the flexible waterproof layer can be better combined with structural concrete, but most of the current practices are only done outside the waterproof layer. The brick protective layer, when the local lower chamber appears to sink heavily or during the backfilling construction, it is possible to cause the brick protective layer outside the waterproof layer to deform, fracture or vibrate and partially damage the waterproof layer.

c) Reasons for water leakage caused by improper construction:

1) Equipment installation requires water leakage around the passageway through the basement structure. When the equipment is installed through the basement structure, the pre-embedded casing is made, and the pre-embedded casing is provided with a water stop ring. The combination between the casing and the structural concrete is tight, and generally no water leakage, but the details of the waterproof layer and the casing are improper, which causes a water leakage passage between the equipment tube and the casing, mainly the flexible waterproof layer is not combined with the casing. Reasonable, or the water passage is not tightly formed between the equipment pipe and the casing.

2) Leakage caused by improper construction of the construction joint and settlement joint of the post-casting belt. The construction method of the construction joint and the settlement joint of the post-casting belt of the building shall be determined according to the size, depth, plane shape, groundwater pressure and surrounding soil quality of the basement. The reason for the improper construction of the part is that the structural shape is improper and the materials do not match. The quality control of the construction process is not strict.

 

Fourth, redundant waterproof system

a) Redundant waterproof design theory:

    Based on the analysis of the causes of leakage in the underground building, the design scheme of the underground structure waterproofing in the new construction project should consider the external environment on the basis of considering the material selection and construction method, so as to adapt to local conditions and comprehensive prevention.

In order to improve the reliability and durability of engineering waterproof construction, Zhengzhou Sainuo Building Materials Co., Ltd. introduced the redundancy theory. The so-called redundancy theory is that for the major concealed projects, when designing the waterproof system, the worst conditions must be considered. When it occurs, that is, when the waterproof layer is damaged, the backup unit must automatically enter the working state, and assume the waterproof function, and still achieve the result of no leakage.

It can be seen from the characteristics of the series system: If the result to be input is non-leakage, all the associated units in the front must reach a very reliable ideal state at the same time, and obviously cannot be done at the engineering site, that is, It is very difficult to achieve non-leakage, which is the root cause of leakage in the country.

Different combinations have the following output results:

Cnr =n!/r!(n-r)!= 2!*2! *2! *2! *2!=32

If the output is 1, the number of times that it does not leak is only one.

Then the statistical probability is calculated, the probability of no leakage is:

P = 1/32 = 3%.

From the above analysis, the main cause of leakage is that the system design is too ideal. If it is small in the laboratory, these nodes are easy to control, and the results are easy to leak. But at the scene, it is a few The waterproof area of ​​10,000 square meters, the above requirements, is difficult to achieve, so the result must be out of control. That is to say, according to the traditional waterproof theory, in order to achieve a good seal, it is necessary to ensure that the above nodes are effectively guaranteed under ideal conditions. It can be said that the scene is not ideal, even bad, so the results can be imagined. In order to improve the waterproof reliability, according to the old concept, two or three coils are often waterproofed in order to improve the waterproof reliability. In fact, this only increases the penetration path. In the long-term soaking of saturated water, one day the water will penetrate. All coils are in contact with concrete, causing water leaks. Moreover, as the coil leaks, the water will smash around the coil and the maintenance will be very difficult.

 

To achieve reliable output, a redundant design concept must be introduced. With the rapid development of modern technology, the system is becoming more and more complex, and the requirements for its reliability are getting higher and higher. Many system designs that achieve high reliability rely on redundant designs. One of the most common and effective measures for redundant designers to improve system reliability, with redundant design, can be used in a single assembly or system failure without affecting system reliability. By repeatedly configuring certain critical devices or components, when a system fails, redundant devices or components intervene to take over the functions of the damaged device or component, provide services to the system, and reduce downtime. According to the redundant design concept, if the above series system is changed to a parallel system, the reliability of the waterproof system can be greatly improved.

Parallel systems and voting systems are also work reserve systems. The work reserve system is designed to make the system safer and more reliable, with a certain reserve of the units used in the system. A parallel system is a system that uses multiple units to accomplish the same task, and any one of them can support the operation of the system separately. Therefore, as long as one unit does not fail, the system can work normally, and the voting system requires n originals that constitute the system. In the middle, as long as any k is not small, the system will work normally. For example, electric power systems, multiple engines in airplanes, steel cables twisted from multiple steel bars, and the like.

Cnr =n!/r!(n-r)!

Output several times = C21 * C21 * C21 = 8 times

The three units form an all-or-door system:

F=A+ B + C

∵A, B, C nodes all fail, 0, the output will be 0

The probability that the output failure is 0 is:

∴P=1/8=12.5%, the reliability rate is 87.5%.

∵ After considering its failure, it is convenient to repair, and the probability of failure is 1/4.

The total failure probability is =1=/32=3%. The reliable stability of the system is 97%.

Therefore, from the above analysis, it is concluded that the Sanno redundant waterproof system has high reliability and is consistent with the characteristics of a stable system with a Gaussian curve.

b), PAWM redundant coil waterproof sealing system

1. Comparative analysis of environmental adaptability of materials on-site conditions:

At present, the root cause of many flexible waterproof layers is that there is a gap between the waterproof layer and the base surface to form a hydrophobic layer. The reason is mainly that the bonding material has a problem.

1) The bonding materials of many coils on the market are very strong in bonding with the concrete base layer in a dry environment, but when there is moisture in the concrete, the adhesion will be greatly weakened.

2), while the performance of Sino's PAWM redundant coils in a humid environment is this:



3), PAWM waterproof bonding material, spraying 2mm during construction, and infiltrating into the concrete at the same time, forming two waterproof layers, together with the coil, once construction, constitutes triple waterproof, greatly improving the reliability of waterproof construction.





Five, underground garage redundant waterproof system design

 

a), the bottom plate PAWM redundant coil waterproof seal design

    1. Main points of construction steps:

    PAWM coils are extremely tough and puncture resistant, making them ideal for waterproofing garage floors.

1. Casting cushion → YYPE bonded paving PAWM coil on the cushion layer → PAWM coil, bundled steel bar

2. A few minutes before pouring concrete, spray YYP slurry on the surface of PAWM. After the slurry is in contact with the concrete, chemical reaction will occur, activate the inert component in the concrete, promote the hydration of the cement, and cause cracks in the surface layer of the concrete. Automatic repairability.

2. Introduction of PAWM redundant coil waterproof sealing system

The reliability theory introduced in the modern design method is composed of a new generation of modified high-density self-adhesive film waterproofing membrane and high-performance redundant waterproof binder. It has high toughness, high density, high impermeability and high reliability. The redundant sealing waterproof system has a self-healing function for the self-adhesive layer and the anti-environmental protection layer, and reacts with the redundant waterproof layer of the concrete base layer to form a waterproof layer and a concrete redundant waterproof system without gaps to form a concrete. Self-waterproof, to prevent hidden danger between water-repellent layers, form a layer of construction, multiple waterproof redundant sealing waterproof system, the waterproof layer of the waterproof system is not easy to be destroyed, even if it is damaged, it is not easy to leak water, and the sealing reliability rate is 97% ( The current building leakage rate is as high as 80%). Moreover, according to Sino's redundant sealing theory, even if the waterproof layer is severely damaged in the later stage, it will cause partial water leakage. Because of the existence of the redundant system, it will not cause large-scale drowning, and the maintenance is very convenient and simple. The reliability of Sino's redundant sealing technology has been proven on projects across the country. The Saino redundant waterproof system, from the height of the system, uses redundant technology to truly achieve the reliability, safety and durability of the seal.

    Features

1. It has toughness with twist: It has anti-puncture self-healing performance, high elongation, high tensile and tear strength, and effectively prevents plant root puncture.

2, strong bonding: good bonding and sealing performance, effectively prevent drowning.

3, chemical corrosion resistance: acid and alkali resistant salts and other chemical media with excellent performance.

4, UV resistance, high temperature resistance, aging resistance, long service life, and the product is non-toxic and tasteless, in line with environmental requirements.

5, high waterproof reliability, a variety of high-performance materials to form a redundant waterproof system with multiple waterproof effects, not easy to be destroyed during construction, is also not easy to leak water, and will not drown.

6. Simple and convenient construction, low process requirements and cost savings.

Construction features:

1. The waterproof layer is greatly reduced by the influence of the precipitation of the main structure.

2, no need to level the floor, can be constructed on the surface of the water and wet

3. The reinforced concrete can be poured without the need of a coil protection layer.

Construction application field

1. Waterproofing for flat roofs, roofs, green roofs, water storage roofs, roof gardens, etc. for industrial and civil buildings;

2. It can be used in places with acid, alkali or drugs to prevent corrosion, anti-virus and anti-seepage projects; it is suitable for roofs with vibration or large settlement of base structure;

3. Suitable for underground projects such as basements, underground garages, civil air defense projects, subways, tunnels, cable trenches, pipe corridors, underground continuous walls, and waterproofing and seepage prevention for sewage pools, clear water pools, bridges, reservoirs, canals, military facilities, etc. , moisture-proof works.

4 construction methods

The waterproof system has no open flame during construction, no harmful gas, no need for heating, and the construction is carried out by wet paving or pre-packing anti-sticking method during construction, and the construction is simple and the speed is fast.

No. Inspection item Standard requirement (Class H) Inspection result Single conclusion

 

1 Heat treatment dimensional change rate

≤2.0% 0.64% matches

Horizontal 0.64% match

2 Low temperature bending property -40 ° C, no crack -40 ° C, no crack

3 impervious to water 0.3MPa, 2h impervious to water 0.3MPa, 2h impervious to water

 

  4 Tensile properties Tensile strength Portrait

≥12.0MPa 16.8MPa

Horizontal 13.4MPa conforms

Elongation at break

≥500% 653% matches

Horizontal 612% matches

5 Right angle tear strength

≥60N/mm 72N/mm

Horizontal 62N/mm matches

 

6

Thickness (1.20mm) Allowable deviation -5%, +10% -2%

Minimum single value 1.05mm 1.17mm

7 Water absorption rate (70 ° C, 168 h) ≤ 4.0% 3.3%

8 Impact resistance 0.5kg. m, no water seepage 0.5kg. m, no water seepage

 

9

Seam peel strength ≥4.0N/mm or coil damage 9.8N/mm

Remarks: (blank here)

 

 

b), garage side wall MD modified polymer redundant sealing waterproof design

The underground side wall waterproofing can adopt MD modified polymer waterproof coating. This material is also a high-performance material developed based on the redundancy concept. The material is a two-component, one-time construction, and at the same time achieves rigid and soft double waterproofing, even if the flexible layer is damaged, There will be no water leakage and no drowning. Greatly improve the reliability of waterproof construction.

MD modified polymer waterproof coating is a kind of advanced water-based waterproof coating composed of polymer emulsion and polymer inorganic powder. This product not only has flexibility, but also has superior permeability. Its unique active chemical substance utilizes the inherent chemical properties and porosity of cement concrete to re-hydrate in concrete micropores and capillaries, resulting in water-insoluble The dendritic crystal calcium sulphoaluminate blocks the capillary channel and combines with the concrete to improve the impermeability and water repellency of the concrete. The product integrates flexible waterproof and rigid waterproof, and forms double seamless waterproof in one construction, which greatly improves the reliability of waterproofing and eliminates hidden troubles.

 

  

1. Green and environmentally friendly, it can be used in concrete building structures for drinking water and food industry;

2. It has the advantages of flexible waterproof material and rigid waterproof material, a waterproof layer and double waterproof effect;

3, waterproof effect is permanent, and has a magical self-healing ability;

4. Excellent weather resistance and aging resistance;

5, strong bonding strength, can be pasted tiles;

6, no lap joints, to eliminate the leakage of lap joints;

7, higher strength, no need to make a protective layer;

8. Even if the waterproof membrane is damaged, it will not leak water and improve the reliability of construction;

9, no need to maintain, simplify the construction process;

10, long-term immersion with water;

11, can breathe freely.

 

3), garage roof YY-36 weatherproof waterproof seal redundant design

The underground garage roof can be made of YY-36 weatherproof waterproof coating. The coating is also a high-performance material developed based on the redundancy concept. The material is a two-component, one-time construction, while achieving rigid and soft double waterproofing, even if the flexible layer is damaged, There will be no water leakage and no drowning. It can withstand the change of 2.6mm active crack and greatly improve the reliability of waterproof construction.

1. YY-36 is an elastic, two-component, polymer-modified waterproof coating that provides waterproof protection for cracked base surfaces such as concrete, masonry, and natural stone.

    2, YY-36 has a good bonding effect, providing seamless protection, can be used as a surface layer, or can be tiled, coated or other coating.

The main purpose:

Can be used as a structural waterproof layer, such as sewage treatment plant, basement side wall waterproofing, swimming pool, fountain, aquarium, spillway, etc.

General use:

The exterior of the new and old buildings is waterproof and can withstand the pressure of water;

a horizontal waterproof layer below the masonry structure;

Make an inner waterproof layer to prevent external moisture from entering;

As a waterproof layer in the underground garage.

advantage:

The crack resistance width is up to 2.6mm;

Easy to construct, can be brushed, sprayed, rolled or wiped;

Breathable

Waterproof - resistant to 5 bar water pressure (forward);

Can be used as a surface layer or as a tile;

UV resistant, weather resistant, antifreeze;

Good adhesion to wet base, no need for primer;

Environmental protection;

Resistance to water erosion;

Suitable for drinking water.

Conclusion: The difference between the Saurano redundant sealing technology and the traditional waterproof concept.

Traditional waterproof concept Saino redundancy waterproof concept Remarks

Leveling the ground surface of the site does not matter

Base surface moisture content requirements are high

Workers have high technical requirements

Three-point material, seven-point construction, seven-point material, three-point construction

The waterproof layer can't be destroyed, otherwise it will leak water, it will not leak, and it won't drown.

Fortification under ideal conditions, fortification under severe conditions

At the beginning, there is no guarantee that the results will start at the end and be responsible for the results.

Drowning after leakage, it is difficult to treat. Leakage is easy to treat.

Leakage reaches 80% and the leakage rate reaches 97%